Actor ... The gender-neutral term "player" was common in film in the early days of the Motion Picture Production Code with regards to the cinema of the United States, but is now generally deemed archaic. However, it remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a theatre group or company (such as the East West Players)...
Motion Picture Patents Company ... Since 1902, Edison had also been notifying distributors and exhibitors that if they did not use Edison machines and films exclusively, they would be subject to litigation for supporting filmmaking that infringed Edison's patents... Trust Policies The MPPC eliminated the outright sale of films to distributors and exhibitors, replacing it with rentals, which allowed quality control over prints that had formerly been exhibited long past their prime... Likewise, the Trust's control of patents on motion picture cameras ensured that only MPPC studios were able to film, and the projector patents allowed the Trust to make licensing agreements with distributors and theaters – and thus determine who screened their films and where...
Chinese Animation ... On its most fundamental level, film editing is the art, technique, and practice of assembling shots into a coherent whole. A film editor is a person who practices film editing by assembling the footage...
History Of British Animation ... Émile Cohl (1857–1938) created what is most likely the first real animated cartoon to be drawn on paper, Fantasmagorie in 1908. Other notable French animations Une Nuit sur le Mont Chauve (Night on Bald Mountain), 1933, directed by Alexandre Alexeieff...
History Of Iranian Animation ... The art of animation as practiced in modern day Iran started in the 1950s. Iran's animation owes largely to the animator Noureddin Zarrinkelk...
Multiplane Camera ... Various parts of the artwork layers are left transparent, to allow other layers to be seen behind them. The movements are calculated and photographed frame-by-frame, with the result being an illusion of depth by having several layers of artwork moving at different speeds - the further away from the camera, the slower the speed...
History Of French Animation ... Animation was essentially an afterthought, but an initial and short-lived period of co-production with the Walt Disney Company in the making of animated propaganda films helped establish a core of animators who continued production after Disney withdrew...
DVD ... History Before the advent of DVD and Blu-ray, Video CD (VCD) became the first format for distributing digitally encoded films on standard 120 mm optical discs...
Film Editing ... House of Cinema came under pressure when it challenged the detention of filmmakers accused of selling films to the BBC...
B Movies (The Exploitation Boom) ... With the loosening of industry censorship constraints, the 1960s and 1970s saw a major expansion in the production and commercial viability of a variety of B-movie subgenres that have come to be known collectively as exploitation films... The term gained broader application as well: Exploitation-style promotional practices had become standard practice at the lower-budget end of the industry; with the majors having exited traditional B production, exploitation became a way to refer to the entire field of low-budget genre films... Many graphically depicted the wages of sin in the context of promoting prudent lifestyle choices, particularly "sexual hygiene." Audiences might see explicit footage of anything from a live birth to a ritual circumcision in such films...
Propaganda ... As opposed to impartially providing information, propaganda, in its most basic sense, presents information primarily to influence an audience. Propaganda often presents facts selectively (thus possibly lying by omission) to encourage a particular synthesis, or uses loaded messages to produce an emotional rather than rational response to the information presented...
1970s In Film ... The second type are "Webtoons" produced by corporations or sometimes just individuals. These contents are generally flash animations ranging anywhere from amateurish to high quality, hosted publicly on various websites...
List Of German Films 1933–1945 ... The modern cartoon industry began in France in 1888, invented by Charles-Émile Reynaud. Chinese animation started in the 1920s, inspired by French, German, Russian and mostly American productions...
History Of Television ... As a 23-year-old German university student, Paul Nipkow proposed and patented the first electromechanical television system in 1884. Although he never built a working model of the system, variations of Nipkow's spinning-disk "image rasterizer" for television became exceedingly common, and remained in use until 1939...
History Of Anime ... In the 1980s, anime was accepted in the mainstream in Japan, and experienced a boom in production. The rise of Gundam, Macross, Real Robot, Dragon Ball, and Space Opera set a boom as well...
Themes In Nazi Propaganda ... The first Indian animated television series is Ghayab Aaya, aired in 1986 and directed by Suddhasattwa Basu. The First Indian 3D + VFX was done for television series "CAPTAIN VYOM" by MAYA ENTERTAINMENT LTD...
Filmmaking ... Not all films make a profit from the theatrical release alone, so film companies take DVD sales and worldwide distribution rights into account...
History Of Canadian Animation ... While not as highly regarded as the Weimar Republic era films, the films of Nazi Germany, mainly made under control of Joseph Goebbels, hold a fascination for many, both as historical documents of one of the most important and disturbing periods of 20th century history, as well as for their own artistic merit... Then censored Agfacolor film with Hans Albers Junge Adler Alfred Weidenmann Young Eagles Kleine Muck, Der Franz Fiedler Kleine Sommermelodie, Eine Volker von Collande A Little Summer Melodie Opfergang Veit Harlan In Agfacolor Orient-Express Viktor Tourjansky Panorama Monthly news human interest series; in color Scharfschütze in der Geländeausbildung Sniper training film Der Schneemann Hans Fischerkoesen The Snowman; Animation in Agfacolor Schrammeln Géza von Bolváry Ein Schöner Tag Philipp Lothar Mayring A Beautiful Day Theresienstadt: Der Führer schenkt den Juden eine Stadt Kurt Gerron Pro...
New Hollywood ... The films they made were part of the studio system, and these individuals were not "independent filmmakers", but they introduced subject matter and styles that set them apart from the studio traditions... The 1950s and early 60s saw a Hollywood dominated by musicals, historical epics, and other films that benefited from the larger screens, wider framing and improved sound...
Art Of The Third Reich ... Similarly, music was expected to be tonal and free of jazz influence; films and plays were censored. Nazi art bears a close similarity to the Soviet propaganda art style of Socialist Realism, and the term heroic realism has sometimes been used to describe both artistic styles...
Test Screening ... Roger Ebert, reviewer for the Chicago Sun-Times, has written that test screenings by filmmakers are "valid" to get an idea of an audience response to a rough cut. But "too often, however, studio executives use preview screenings as a weapon to enforce their views on directors, and countless movies have had stupid happy endings tacked on after such screenings." Ebert writes that Billy Wilder dropped the first reel from Sunset Boulevard after a test screening...
Sundance Institute ... The Sundance Institute's founding staff, assembled in spring of 1980, included Executive Director Sterling Van Wagenen, Director of Film Development Programs Jenny Walz Selby, and Director of Development Jon Lear. Frank Daniel was secured as Artistic Director...
Sundance Film Festival ... His films elevated the genre to a new level and sparked a greater interest in martial arts in the West... Lee became famous for playing Kato in the TV series The Green Hornet during the 1960s yet it was when he returned to Hong Kong and starred in three films that shot him to stardom all over Asia, The Big Boss (1971), Fist of Fury (1972) and Return of the Dragon (1972)... European cinema See also: British films of the 1970s, Danish films of the 1970s, French films of the 1970s, Georgian films of the 1970s, List of German films: 1970s, List of Polish films of the 1970s, Portuguese films of the 1970s, Spanish films of the 1970s, and Swedish films of the 1970s In European cinema, the failure of the Prague Spring brought about nostalgic motion pictures reminiscent of the ones that celebrate the 1970s itself...