History of Film: The Silent Era - In 1896 it became clear that more money was to be made by showing motion picture films with a projector to a large audience than exhibiting them in Edison's Kinetoscope peep-show machines... The first eleven years of motion pictures show the cinema moving from a novelty to an established large-scale entertainment industry...
Special Effect: Developmental History - "Such… techniques would remain at the heart of special effects production for the next century." This was not only the first use of trickery in the cinema, it was the first type of photographic trickery only possible in a motion picture, i.e... In 1895, Alfred Clark created what is commonly accepted as the first-ever motion picture special effect...
History of Russian Animation: Beginnings - Being a trained biologist, he started to make animation with embalmed insects for educational purposes, but soon realized the possibilities of his medium to become one of the undisputed masters of stop motion later in his life... Starevich's 41-minute 1913 film The Night Before Christmas was the first example of the use of stop motion and live action in the same scene...
Thomas Edison - These included a stock ticker, a mechanical vote recorder, a battery for an electric car, electrical power, recorded music and motion pictures... He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb...
Film Editing - It can create sensually provocative montages; become a laboratory for experimental cinema; bring out the emotional truth in an actor's performance; create a point of view on otherwise obtuse events; guide the telling and pace of a story; create an illusion of danger where there is none; give emphasis to things that would not have otherwise been noted; and even create a vital subconscious emotional connection to the viewer, among many other possibilities... It involves the selection and combining of shots into sequences, and ultimately creating a finished motion picture...
Special Effect - "Such… techniques would remain at the heart of special effects production for the next century." This was not only the first use of trickery in the cinema, it was the first type of photographic trickery only possible in a motion picture, i.e... In 1895, Alfred Clark created what is commonly accepted as the first-ever motion picture special effect...
History of Film: The Sound Era - The Actor's Studio was founded in October 1947 by Elia Kazan, Robert Lewis, and Cheryl Crawford, and the same year Oskar Fischinger filmed Motion Painting No...
History Of Russian Animation - Starevich's 41-minute 1913 film The Night Before Christmas was the first example of the use of stop motion and live action in the same scene... Being a trained biologist, he started to make animation with embalmed insects for educational purposes, but soon realized the possibilities of his medium to become one of the undisputed masters of stop motion later in his life...
History of Television: Electromechanical Television - On June 13 of that year, Charles Francis Jenkins transmitted the silhouette image of a toy windmill in motion, over a distance of five miles from a naval radio station in Maryland to his laboratory in Washington, using a lensed disk scanner with a 48-line resolution... On March 25, 1925, Scottish inventor John Logie Baird gave the first public demonstration of televised silhouette images in motion, at Selfridge's Department Store in London... His scanner worked at only five images per second, below the threshold required to give the illusion of motion, usually defined as at least 12 images per second...
Trailer (promotion) - Granlund was also first to introduce trailer material for an upcoming motion picture, using a slide technique to promote an upcoming film featuring Charlie Chaplin at Loew's Seventh Avenue Theatre in Harlem in 1914... film theater was in November 1913, when Nils Granlund, the advertising manager for the Marcus Loew theater chain, produced a short promotional film for the musical The Pleasure Seekers, opening at the Winter Garden Theatre on Broadway...
History of Film: The Beginning of Cinema - On June 19, 1872, under the sponsorship of Leland Stanford, Eadweard Muybridge successfully photographed a horse named "Sallie Gardner" in fast motion using a series of 24 stereoscopic cameras...
Motion Picture Patents Company: Trust Policies - Likewise, the Trust's control of patents on motion picture cameras ensured that only MPPC studios were able to film, and the projector patents allowed the Trust to make licensing agreements with distributors and theaters – and thus determine who screened their films and where...
Film - World cinema African cinema Asian cinema European cinema Latin American cinema North American cinema Oceanian cinema A film, also called a movie or motion picture, is a series of still or moving images...
Motion Picture Patents Company - The MPPC ended the domination of foreign films on American screens, standardized the manner in which films were distributed and exhibited in America, and improved the quality of American motion pictures by internal competition... Since the 1890s, Thomas Edison owned most of the major American patents relating to motion picture cameras... The Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC, also known as the Edison Trust), founded in December 1908, was a trust of all the major American film companies (Edison, Biograph, Vitagraph, Essanay, Selig, Lubin, Kalem, American Star, American Pathé), the leading film distributor (George Kleine) and the biggest supplier of raw film stock, Eastman Kodak...
Motion Picture Patents Company: Creation - Biograph retaliated for being frozen out of the Trust agreement by purchasing the patent to the Latham film loop, a key feature of virtually all motion picture cameras then in use... Since the 1890s, Thomas Edison owned most of the major American patents relating to motion picture cameras...
Motion Picture Patents Company: Backlash and Decline - Southern California was also chosen because of its beautiful year-round weather and varied countryside; its topography, semi-arid climate and widespread irrigation gave its landscapes the ability to offer motion picture shooting scenes set in deserts, jungles and great mountains... Another reason was the MPPC's overestimation of the efficiency of controlling the motion picture industry through patent litigation and the exclusion of independents from licensing...
B Movies (The Exploitation Boom) - The term gained broader application as well: Exploitation-style promotional practices had become standard practice at the lower-budget end of the industry; with the majors having exited traditional B production, exploitation became a way to refer to the entire field of low-budget genre films... As censorship pressures lifted in the early 1960s, the low-budget end of the American motion picture industry increasingly incorporated the sort of sexual and violent elements long associated with so-called exploitation films...
United Artists: History - The Society of Independent Motion Picture Producers was founded in 1941 by Mary Pickford, Charlie Chaplin, Walt Disney, Orson Welles, Samuel Goldwyn, David O... However, Transamerica was not pleased with UA's frequent releases of films rated X by the Motion Picture Association of America, such as Midnight Cowboy and Last Tango in Paris; in these instances, Transamerica demanded the byline "A Transamerica Company" be removed from the UA logo on the prints and in all advertising...
1970s In Film - The Hungarian director István Szabó made the motion picture Szerelmesfilm (1970), which is a nostalgic portrayal and a premonition of the fading of the young 1970s ethos of change and a friendlier social structure... The films of the Swedish director Ingmar Bergman reached a new level of expression in motion pictures like Cries and Whispers (1973)... See also: British films of the 1970s, Danish films of the 1970s, French films of the 1970s, Georgian films of the 1970s, List of German films: 1970s, List of Polish films of the 1970s, Portuguese films of the 1970s, Spanish films of the 1970s, and Swedish films of the 1970s In European cinema, the failure of the Prague Spring brought about nostalgic motion pictures reminiscent of the ones that celebrate the 1970s itself...
History Of Film - On June 19, 1872, under the sponsorship of Leland Stanford, Eadweard Muybridge successfully photographed a horse named "Sallie Gardner" in fast motion using a series of 24 stereoscopic cameras... Motion pictures developed gradually from a carnival novelty to one of the most important tools of communication and entertainment, and mass media in the 20th century and into the 21st century...
Film Editing: Early Experiments - Motion in the shot was all that was necessary to amuse an audience, so the first films simply showed activity such as traffic moving on a city street... Early films by Thomas Edison (whose company invented a motion camera and projector) and others were short films that were one long, static, locked-down shot... When Edison's motion picture studio wanted to increase the length of the short films, Edison came to Porter...